출처: https://www.interelectronix.com/qt-raspberry-pi-4.html
QT ON THE RASPBERRY PI 4
Qt is often used to develop graphic interfaces. Qt contains C ++ libraries for creating graphical interfaces that can be compiled on various operating systems.
Since this compilation requires a lot of computing power, it is advisable for processors with relatively little power to carry out the development and compilation on a host computer and only then to load the finished application onto the target computer.
There are lots of instructions online for developing a Qt application for Raspberry Pi 3 and Pi 4 models.
Unfortunately, I couldn’t find one that worked flawlessly for the Raspberry Pi 4 and our needs.
These instructions are heavily based on https://github.com/abhiTronix/raspberry-pi-cross-compilers/blob/master/QT_build_instructions.md and are modified in some places so that it worked for me.
Version 5.15.2 is used for Qt, and I use an Ubuntu 20.0.4 LTS that is installed in vmware as the host computer for cross-compilation.
PREREQUITES
HARDWARE
Host [PC/Laptop]: Any x86/x86_64 AMD/Intel machine
Target [Raspberry Pi 4]: Raspberry Pi 4
SOFTWARE
Host: Any Linux machine (Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Tested)
Target: Raspberry Pi 4 Linux 32-bit OS (Raspbian Bullseye Lite tested)
NOTE
In the background the cross compile toolchains for Raspberry Pi from abhiTronix are used.
OTHERS
Storage and Time Requirements: The build directory takes around ~10GB space and about 2-5 hours to complete (based on dependencies & Host Machine Specifications).
Networking: Your Target Machine (Raspberry Pi) and Host Machine (where you cross-compiling) both MUST have Internet Access, and MUST be on SAME Network to follow these instructions.
PREPARING THE RASPBERRY PI 4
For the basic installation, we need a Raspberry Pi OS Lite operating system on the Pi 4. I used “2022-04-04-raspios-bullseye-armhf-lite.img.xz”.
Downloads and instructions on how to create an SD card with this can be found at https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/.
After switching on the Pi 4, the configuration menu appears, where you can make various settings (e.g., host name, IP address, user, etc.). For our configuration, we need “SSH” activated.
INSTALL AND UPDATE SOFTWARE PACKAGES
- Add development sources in /etc/apt/sources.list with the following command:
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[crayon-656b4606ad528590104260 inline="true" ]sudo sed -i -e 's/\#deb-src/deb-src/g' /etc/apt/sources.list |
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- Then update the system with the following commands:
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[crayon-656b4606ad535525700391 inline="true" ]sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade echo "$USER ALL=NOPASSWD:$(which rsync)" | sudo tee --append /etc/sudoers |
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- And then install the required Qt and development packages:
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[crayon-656b4606ad540339600326 inline="true" ]sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake unzip pkg-config gfortran sudo apt-get build-dep -y qt5-qmake libqt5gui5 libqt5webengine-data libqt5webkit5 libudev-dev libinput-dev libts-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xinerama0 gdbserver sudo apt-get install -y libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-xtest0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev |
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- Install additional packages (depending on your needs):
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[crayon-656b4606ad54a950992714 inline="true" ]sudo apt install -y libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev sudo apt install -y libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev sudo apt install -y libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev openjdk-8-jre-headless # audio packages sudo apt install -y libopenal-data libsndio7.0 libopenal1 libopenal-dev pulseaudio # bluetooth packages sudo apt install -y bluez-tools sudo apt install -y libbluetooth-dev # gstreamer (multimedia) packages sudo apt install -y libgstreamer1.0-0 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-x gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio sudo apt install -y libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev |
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- Then also create a directory for RaspberryQt:
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[crayon-656b4606ad555064331253 inline="true" ]sudo mkdir /usr/local/qt5.15 sudo chown -R pi:pi /usr/local/qt5.15 |
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SETUP IMPORTANT SYMLINKS
Download symlinker tool and adjust symlinks.
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[crayon-656b4606ad560917425157 inline="true" ]sudo wget -P ~/ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/abhiTronix/raspberry-pi-cross-compilers/master/utils/SSymlinker sudo chmod +x ~/SSymlinker ~/SSymlinker -s /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf/asm -d /usr/include ~/SSymlinker -s /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf/gnu -d /usr/include ~/SSymlinker -s /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf/bits -d /usr/include ~/SSymlinker -s /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf/sys -d /usr/include ~/SSymlinker -s /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf/openssl -d /usr/include ~/SSymlinker -s /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/crtn.o -d /usr/lib/crtn.o ~/SSymlinker -s /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/crt1.o -d /usr/lib/crt1.o ~/SSymlinker -s /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/crti.o -d /usr/lib/crti.o |
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PREPARING UBUNTU
UPDATE SOFTWARE AND INSTALL ADDITIONAL PACKAGES:
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[crayon-656b4606ad56f709501570 inline="true" ]sudo apt update sudo apt install -y build-essential cmake unzip gfortran sudo apt install -y gcc git bison python gperf pkg-config gdb-multiarch wget sudo apt-get -y install sshpass gcc g++ gperf flex texinfo gawk bison openssl pigz libncurses-dev autoconf automake tar figlet |
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PREPARE BUILD ENVIRONMENT
- Create folders:
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[crayon-656b4606ad579662793530 inline="true" ]sudo mkdir ~/rpi-qt sudo mkdir ~/rpi-qt/build sudo mkdir ~/rpi-qt/tools sudo mkdir ~/rpi-qt/sysroot sudo mkdir ~/rpi-qt/sysroot/usr sudo mkdir ~/rpi-qt/sysroot/opt sudo chown -R 1000:1000 ~/rpi-qt |
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- Download and extract Qt sources:
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[crayon-656b4606ad583856684380 inline="true" ]sudo wget -P ~/rpi-qt http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/5.15/5.15.2/single/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2.tar.xz sudo tar xf ~/rpi-qt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2.tar.xz -C ~/rpi-qt/ sudo chown -R 1000:1000 ~/rpi-qt |
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- Patch QT sources.
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[crayon-656b4606ad58d081783947 inline="true" ]cp -R ~/rpi-qt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-arm-gnueabi-g++ ~/rpi-qt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-arm-gnueabihf-g++ sed -i -e 's/arm-linux-gnueabi-/arm-linux-gnueabihf-/g' ~/rpi-qt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/mkspecs/linux-arm-gnueabihf-g++/qmake.conf sed -i -e 's/\"main\"\: \"vc_dispmanx_display_open(0)\;\"/\"main\"\: \[\"vc_dispmanx_display_open(0)\;\"\, \"EGL_DISPMANX_WINDOW_T \*eglWindow \= new EGL_DISPMANX_WINDOW_T\;\"\]/g' ~/rpi-qt/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/src/gui/configure.json |
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- Download and extract compiler:
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[crayon-656b4606ad598060628330 inline="true" ]sudo wget -P ~/rpi-qt/tools https://sourceforge.net/projects/raspberry-pi-cross-compilers/files/Raspberry%20Pi%20GCC%20Cross-Compiler%20Toolchains/Bullseye/GCC%2010.3.0/Raspberry%20Pi%203A%2B%2C%203B%2B%2C%204/cross-gcc-10.3.0-pi_3%2B.tar.gz sudo tar xf ~/rpi-qt/tools/cross-gcc-*.tar.gz -C ~/rpi-qt/tools/ sudo chown -R 1000:1000 ~/rpi-qt |
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- rsync files from raspberry: Use your values from your Raspberry for the variables raspberry_ip, raspberry_user and raspberry_pwd.
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[crayon-656b4606ad5a2083307337 inline="true" ]raspberry_ip=192.168.2.108 raspberry_user=pi raspberry_pwd=raspberry touch ~/.ssh/known_hosts 위 touch 명령에서 에러가 발생한다면 ssh -T git@gitlab.com |
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[crayon-656b4606ad5ac398072655 inline="true" ]ssh-keyscan $raspberry_ip >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts sshpass -p "$raspberry_pwd" rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" --delete "$raspberry_user"@"$raspberry_ip":/lib ~/rpi-qt/sysroot sshpass -p "$raspberry_pwd" rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" --delete "$raspberry_user"@"$raspberry_ip":/usr/include ~/rpi-qt/sysroot/usr sshpass -p "$raspberry_pwd" rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" --delete "$raspberry_user"@"$raspberry_ip":/usr/lib ~/rpi-qt/sysroot/usr |
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- Fix symbolic links:
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[crayon-656b4606ad5b6554930566 inline="true" ]wget -P ~/rpi-qt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/abhiTronix/rpi_rootfs/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py sudo chmod +x ~/rpi-qt/sysroot-relativelinks.py ~/rpi-qt/sysroot-relativelinks.py ~/rpi-qt/sysroot |
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- Configure Qt build:
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[crayon-656b4606ad5c0471333102 inline="true" ]cd ~/rpi-qt/build CROSS_COMPILER_LOCATION="$HOME"/rpi-qt/tools/cross-pi-gcc-* ../qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/configure -release -opengl es2 -eglfs -device linux-rasp-pi4-v3d-g++ -device-option CROSS_COMPILE=$(echo $CROSS_COMPILER_LOCATION)/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf- -sysroot ~/rpi-qt/sysroot/ -prefix /usr/local/qt5.15 -extprefix ~/rpi-qt/qt5.15 -opensource -confirm-license -skip qtscript -skip qtwayland -skip qtwebengine -nomake tests -make libs -pkg-config -no-use-gold-linker -v -recheck -L$HOME/rpi-qt/sysroot/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf -I$HOME/rpi-qt/sysroot/usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf |
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- Build Qt:
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[crayon-656b4606ad5ca519544753 inline="true" ]make -j$(nproc) make install |
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- rsync Qt binaries to Raspberry:
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[crayon-656b4606ad5d4282626059 inline="true" ]sshpass -p "$raspberry_pwd" rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" ~/rpi-qt/qt5.15 "$raspberry_user"@"$raspberry_ip":/usr/local |
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FINAL STEP ON TARGET MACHINE (RASPBERRY PI)
- Update linker on Raspberry Pi
Enter the following command on the Raspberry Pi to update the device letting the linker to find the new QT binary files:
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[crayon-656b4606ad5df962989586 inline="true" ]echo /usr/local/qt5.15/lib | sudo tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/qt5.15.conf sudo ldconfig |
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INSTALLING QT CREATOR
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[crayon-656b4606ad5ea303323857 inline="true" ]sudo apt update sudo apt install build-essential sudo apt install qtcreator |
CONFIGURE QT CREATOR FOR CROSS COMPILING
Read the blog Configuring Qt-Creator on Ubuntu 20 Lts for cross-compilation for including the compiled binaries (folder ~/rpi-qt/qt5.15) in Qt Creator.